Endoscopic therapeutic options for type 2 diabetes

Abstract

The global obesity epidemic is expected to worsen with a concomitant increase in the comorbid conditions. Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, and it is not surprising that the global prevalence of this disease continues to increase. Given the emerging role of endoscopic procedures in the treatment of obesity and rapid changes in endoscopic technologies and techniques, this review considers the current state of endoscopic management of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Endoluminal interventions performed entirely through the gastrointestinal tract by using endoscopic devices offer the potential for an outpatient weight loss procedure that may be safer, less invasive, and more cost-effective, compared to current surgical approaches. Endoscopic techniques attempt to mimic some of the anatomic features of bariatric surgery and rely on gastric restriction and/or duodenal exclusion. In this chapter we will describe the two endoscopic methods that have much endorsement of the literature in relation to type 2 diabetes and are in current clinical use-the intragastric balloon and the duodenojejunal bypass liner. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.