CAROLINA VALERIO BARROS
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- Can early improvement be an indicator of treatment response in obsessive-compulsive disorder? Implications for early-treatment decision-making(2013) COSTA, Daniel Lucas da Conceicao; SHAVITT, Roseli Gedanke; CESAR, Raony Cassab Castro; JOAQUIM, Marines Alves; BORCATO, Sonia; VALERIO, Carolina; MIGUEL, Euripedes Constantino; DINIZ, Juliana BeloIn major depression, early response to treatment has been strongly associated with final outcome. We aimed to investigate the ability of early improvement (4 weeks) to predict treatment response at 12 weeks in DSM-IV-defined obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients treated with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRI). We conducted an SRI practical trial with 128 subjects. Inclusion criteria: age range 18-65 years-old, baseline Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) score > 16, and absence of previous adequate pharmacological treatment. Systematic assessments were performed at baseline, 4 and 12 weeks of treatment. Treatment response at 12 weeks was defined as a 35% or greater reduction in baseline Y-BOCS score. Stepwise logistic regression was used to test the relationship between early improvement and treatment response at 12 weeks, taking into account additional potential predictive factors. Different thresholds of early improvement were tested and their predictive power was calculated. Early improvement, defined as a 20% or greater reduction from baseline Y-BOCS score at 4 weeks, predicted response at 12 weeks with 75.6% sensitivity and 61.9% specificity. According to a logistic regression including demographic and clinical features as explaining variables, early improvement was the best predictor of treatment response (OR = 1.05, p < 0.0001). Only 19.8% of patients who did not improve at 4 weeks were responders after 12 weeks. In contrast, 55.3% of the individuals who showed early improvement were responders at 12 weeks (Pearson Chi-Square = 17.06, p < 0.001). Early improvement predicted OCD treatment response with relatively good sensitivity and specificity, such that its role in early decision-making warrants further investigation in wider samples. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT00680602.
conferenceObject Can early improvement be an indicator of treatment response at twelve weeks in obsessive-compulsive disorder? Implications for early-treatment decision-making(2013) COSTA, Daniel Lucas Conceicao; SHAVITT, Roseli Gedanke; CASSAB, Raony; JOAQUIM, Marines Alves; BORCATO, Sonia Regina; VALERIO, Carolina; MIGUEL, Euripedes Constantino; DINIZ, Juliana Belo- Does anti-obsessional pharmacotherapy treat so-called comorbid depressive and anxiety states?(2012) VALERIO, Carolina; DINIZ, Juliana Belo; FOSSALUZA, Victor; MATHIS, Maria Alice de; BELOTTO-SILVA, Cristina; JOAQUIM, Marines Alves; MIGUEL FILHO, Euripedes Constantino; SHAVITT, Roseli GedankeBackground: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic condition that normally presents high rates of psychiatric comorbidity. Depression, tic disorders and other anxiety disorders are among the most common comorbidities in OCD adult patients. There is evidence that the higher the number of psychiatric comorbidities, the worse the OCD treatment response. However, little is known about the impact of OCD treatment on the outcome of the psychiatric comorbidities usually present in OCD patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of exclusive, conventional treatments for OCD on the outcome of additional psychiatric disorders of OCD patients, detected at baseline. Methods: Seventy-six patients with primary OCD admitted to the treatment protocols of the Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program between July 2007 and December 2009 were evaluated at pre-treatment and after 12 months. Data were analyzed to verify possible associations between,OCD treatment response and the outcome of psychiatric comorbidities. Results: Results showed a significant association between OCD treatment response and improvement of major depression and dysthymia (p-value = 0.002), other anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, specific phobia, posttraumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia and anxiety disorder not otherwise specified) (p-value = 0.054) and tic disorders (p-value = 0.043). Limitations: This is an open, non-blinded study, without rating scales for comorbid conditions. Further research is necessary focusing on the possible mechanisms by which OCD treatment could improve these specific disorders. Conclusions: Our results suggest that certain comorbid disorders may benefit from OCD-targeted treatment.
conferenceObject Psychiatric Comorbidity in Patients with Ocd: Implications for Treatment Response After One Year Follow-Up(2012) SENCO, Natasha M.; FOSSALUZA, Victor; VALERIO, Carolina; DINIZ, Juliana B.; MIGUEL, Euripedes C.; SHAVITT, Roselli G.Background: The present study aimed to investigate, prospectively, clinical and socio-demographic features that may influence response to OCD treatment in the long term. Methods: One hundred ninety-seven subjects, who received randomized treatment with group cognitive behavioral therapy (GCBT) or a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) for the first 12 weeks have been studied. Non-responders to the initial treatment had their treatment tailored to individual conditions, according to international guidelines for the treatment of OCD. Treatment response, measured initially and after three, six and twelve months, was considered as a categorical [35% or greater reduction in baseline YBOCS scores plus a CGI-Improvement rating of better(2) or much better(1)] and as a continuous variable (percent reduction in baseline YBOCS scores). Results: After one year follow-up, better treatment response were associated with absence of psychiatric comorbidity (p= 0,0002) and, in particular, absence of a mood disorder (p=0,0004). Poorer outcome was associated to higher scores on Beck Depression Inventory (p=0,0012), number of psychiatric comorbidities (p=0,0015) and presence of obsessive thoughts of diverse content (p= 0,0117). Age at onset, male gender and family history of OCD were not associated with treatment response in this sample, and there was no influence of initial treatment modality on the long-term outcome. Conclusions: In this study, comorbidity number showed correlation with poorer treatment response. Additional studies will be necessary to enlighten if there is an early set point to determine treatment success or failure.- Group cognitive-behavioral therapy versus selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A practical clinical trial(2012) BELOTTO-SILVA, Cristina; DINIZ, Juliana Belo; MALAVAZZI, Dante Marino; VALERIO, Carolina; FOSSALUZA, Victor; BORCATO, Sonia; SEIXAS, Andre A.; MORELLI, Dawn; MIGUEL, Euripedes Constantino; SHAVITT, Roseli GedankeClinical effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral therapy (GCBT) versus fluoxetine in obsessive-compulsive disorder outpatients that could present additional psychiatric comorbidities was assessed. Patients (18-65 years; baseline Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive-Scale [Y-BOCS] scores >= 16; potentially presenting additional psychiatric comorbidities) were sequentially allocated for treatment with GCBT (n = 70) or fluoxetine (n = 88). Mean Y-BOCS scores decreased by 23.13% in the GCBT and 21.54% in the SSRI groups (p = 0.875). Patients presented a mean of 2.7 psychiatric comorbidities. and 81.4% showed at least one additional disorder. A reduction of at least 35% in baseline Y-BOCS scores and CGI ratings of 1 (much better) or 2 (better) was achieved by 33.3% of GCBT patients and 27.7% in the SSRI group (p = 0.463). The Y-BOCS reduction was significantly lower in patients with one or more psychiatric comorbidities (21.15%, and 18.73%, respectively) than in those with pure OCD (34.62%; p = 0.034). Being male, having comorbidity of Major Depression, Social Phobia, or Dysthymia predicted a worse response to both treatments. Response rates to both treatments were similar and lower than reported in the literature, probably due to the broad inclusion criteria and the resulting sample more similar to the real world population.
conferenceObject Can Early Improvement be an Indicator of Treatment Response at Twelve Weeks in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder? Implications for Early-Treatment Decision-Making(2012) COSTA, Daniel L. C.; DINIZ, Juliana B.; JOAQUIM, Marines; BORCATO, Sonia R.; VALERIO, Carolina; MIGUEL, Euripedes C.; SHAVITT, Roseli G.Background: Delayed onset of response to serotonin reuptake inhibitors represents a challenge in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) treatment. In depression, absence of improvement in the first weeks has been raised as a motive to switch antidepressants before full non-response is observed. We aimed to investigate if early improvement is a predictor of OCD outcome after 12 weeks. Methods: Participants (n=150) were admitted to a specialized OCD outpatient program. Inclusion criteria: age 18-65, DSM-IV diagnosis of OCD, minimum baseline Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale(Y-BOCS) score of 16, absence of previous pharmacological treatment for OCD. Fluoxetine was used up to 80mg/day. Systematic assessments were taken at baseline, weeks 4 and 12. Non-improvement at 4-weeks was defined as no reduction of baseline Y-BOCS scores. Response at 12 weeks was defined as 35% or greater decrease in baseline Y-BOC score. Spearman correlation, linear regression and chi-square test were performed to test the relationship between improvement at 4-weeks and the 12-weeks outcome. Results: Mean Y-BOCS scores(SD) at baseline, 4 and 12 weeks were, respectively: 27.3(5.4), 22.8(6.9) and 20.8(8.3). Correlation coefficient for 4-weeks improvement and 12-weeks outcome was 0.43(p=0.01). Linear regression analysis showed no-effect of the covariates on 12-weeks outcome and confirmed the relationship between improvement at 4-weeks and outcome at 12 weeks (β coef= 0.44, p< 0.01). Only five (11.9%) non-responders at 4-weeks were responders at 12-weeks (Pearson Chi-Square= 9.1, p= 0.003). Conclusions: Early improvement predicted 12-weeks outcome of OCD, which may have a role in early decision-making in OCD treatment.- CLINICAL PREDICTORS OF LONG-TERM OUTCOME IN OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER(2013) JAKUBOVSKI, Ewgeni; DINIZ, Juliana B.; VALERIO, Carolina; FOSSALUZA, Victor; BELOTTO-SILVA, Cristina; GORENSTEIN, Clarice; MIGUEL, Euripedes; SHAVITT, Roseli G.Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate demographic and clinical factors associated with the long-term outcome of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: A hundred ninety-six previously untreated patients with DSM-IV criteria OCD completed a 12-week randomized open trial of group cognitive-behavioral therapy (GCBT) or fluoxetine, followed by 21 months of individualized, uncontrolled treatment, according to international guidelines for OCD treatment. OCD severity was assessed using the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) at different times over the follow-up period. Demographics and several clinical variables were assessed at baseline. Results: Fifty percent of subjects improved at least 35% from baseline, and 21.3% responded fully (final Y-BOCS score < or = 8). Worse prognosis was associated with earlier age at onset of OCD (P = 0.045), longer duration of illness (P = 0.001) presence of at least one comorbid psychiatric disorder (P = 0.001), comorbidity with a mood disorder (P = 0.002), higher baseline Beck-Depression scores (P = 0.011), positive family history of tics (P = 0.008), and positive family history of anxiety disorders (P = 0.008). Type of initial treatment was not associated with long-term outcome. After correction for multiple testing, the presence of at least one comorbid disorder, the presence of a depressive disorder, and duration of OCD remained significant. Conclusions: Patients under cognitive-behavioral or pharmacological treatment improved continuously in the long run, regardless of initial treatment modality or degree of early response, suggesting that OCD patients benefit from continuous treatment. Psychiatric comorbidity, especially depressive disorders, may impair the long-term outcome of OCD patients. Depression and Anxiety 30:763-772, 2013. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.