Screening for the SMIM1*64_80 del Allele in blood donors in a population from Southern Brazil

Abstract

Background and ObjectivesSerological screening for the Vel- phenotype is complex given the large individual variation in the levels of expression of the Vel antigen, and the polyclonal anti-human sera of immunised persons, when available, show heterogeneous reactivity levels. Studies of the SMIM1 gene have enabled the development of several molecular methodologies that will be crucially important for the screening of different populations, including Brazilians. To evaluate the deletion of 17 bp in the SMIM1 gene in a population from the south of Brazil, 448 unrelated blood donors from 7 regions comprising the haemotherapy network in the state of Santa Catarina were evaluated between August 2011 and March 2014. Materials and MethodsDNA samples from these donors were analysed employing a 5 nuclease real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the 17 bp deletion in the SMIM1 gene. ResultsAmong the 448 samples analysed, 10 (223%) harboured the 17 bp deletion of the gene SMIM1, and all were heterozygote for the SMIM1*64_80 del allele. ConclusionThe allelic frequency found differed from those observed in other Caucasian populations. This difference can be explained by the ethnic make-up of each Caucasian population. The data obtained are important to characterise the correct phenotype of the donor as the serological assay results are not reliable due to variations in the expression intensity of the Vel antigen in heterozygote donors for the SMIM1*64_80 del allele. Moreover, the tool used in this study is of great value for identifying a donor Vel- phenotype and supplying a possible need for transfusion.