Ambient fine particulate matter in Latin American cities: Levels, population exposure, and associated urban factors

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art_GOUVEIA_Ambient_fine_particulate_matter_in_Latin_American_cities_2021.PDF (593.67 KB)
Citações na Scopus
34
Tipo de produção
article
Data de publicação
2021
DOI
Scopus
Web of Science
PubMed
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título do Volume
Editora
ELSEVIER
Autores
KEPHART, Josiah L.
DRONOVA, Iryna
MCCLURE, Leslie
GRANADOS, Jose Tapia
BETANCOURT, Ricardo Morales
O'RYAN, Andrea Cortinez
TEXCALAC-SANGRADOR, Jose Luis
MARTINEZ-FOLGAR, Kevin
RODRIGUEZ, Daniel
Citação
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, v.772, article ID 145035, 7p, 2021
Projetos de Pesquisa
Unidades Organizacionais
Fascículo
Resumo
Background: Exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Yet few studies have examined patterns of population exposure and investigated the predictors of PM2.5 across the rap-idly growing cities in lower- and middle-income countries. Objectives: Characterize PM2.5 levels, describe patterns of population exposure, and investigate urban factors as predictors of PM2.5 levels. Methods: We used data from the Salud Urbana en America Latina/Urban Health in Latin America (SALURBAL) study, a multi-country assessment of the determinants of urban health in Latin America, to characterize PM2.5 levels in 366 cities comprising over 100,000 residents using satellite-derived estimates. Factors related to urban form and transportation were explored. Results: We found that about 172 million or 58% of the population studied lived in areas with air pollution levels above the defined WHO-AQG of 10 mu g/m(3) annual average. We also found that larger cities, cities with higher GDP, higher motorization rate and higher congestion tended to have higher PM2.5. In contrast cities with higher population density had lower levels of PM2.5. In addition, at the sub-city level, higher intersection density was associated with higher PM2.5 and more green space was associated with lower PM2.5. When all exposures were examined adjusted for each other, higher city per capita GDP and higher sub-city intersection density remained associated with higher PM2.5 levels, while higher city population density remained associated with lower levels. The presence of mass transit was also associated with lower PM2.5 after adjustment. The motorization rate also remained associated with PM2.5 and its inclusion attenuated the effect of population density. Discussion: These results show that PM2.5 exposures remain a major health risk in Latin American cities and suggest that urban planning and transportation policies could have a major impact on ambient levels. (C) 2021 The Author(s).
Palavras-chave
Air pollution, Particulate matter, Built environment, City planning
URI
https://observatorio.fm.usp.br/handle/OPI/40791
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Coleções
Artigos e Materiais de Revistas Científicas - FM/MPR
Artigos e Materiais de Revistas Científicas - LIM/39
Artigos e Materiais de Revistas Científicas - ODS/03
Artigos e Materiais de Revistas Científicas - ODS/11