Social impact of disease parameters and damage accrual in adult Brazilian patients with childhood-onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Abstract

Objectives To describe the frequency and investigate potential associations of unemployment, need of financial assistance and health-related quality of life in adult patients with childhood-onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (cSLE). Methods In this multicenter cross-sectional retrospective cohort study including cSLE adult patients, questionnaires were applied evaluating demographic characteristics, medical history, treatment, receipt of government financial assistance, work status, quality of life, economic classification, disease activity, and damage accrual. Disease activity and disease damage were measured at the study visit. Results Sixty-nine cSLE patients with a median age of 21 years from two Brazilian tertiary centers were included (median disease duration 9 years). Twenty-eight (40.6%) patients were unemployed and 16 (23.2%) were receiving financial assistance or retirement pension. Work unemployment was associated with higher damage scores (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.08 to 3.09, p = 0.024), and the need of financial assistance was associated with longer disease duration (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.31, p = 0.045) and worse economic score (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.99, p = 0.038). Emotional health and body image perception were the most compromised domains of quality of life but showed no association with disease parameters. Disease activity, on the other hand, was inversely associated with symptoms scores (beta = -1.377, p = 0.014) and scores of adverse effects of medications (beta = -1.286, p = 0.020). Conclusion cSLE is a disease with severe outcomes and high social burden that profoundly impacts patients. Damage accrual is a major contributor to unemployment during adulthood and its prevention must be central in the management of cSLE.