Environmental air pollution: respiratory effects

Carregando...
Imagem de Miniatura
Citações na Scopus
28
Tipo de produção
article
Data de publicação
2021
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título do Volume
Editora
SOC BRASILEIRA PNEUMOLOGIA TISIOLOGIA
Citação
JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PNEUMOLOGIA, v.47, n.1, article ID e20200267, 13p, 2021
Projetos de Pesquisa
Unidades Organizacionais
Fascículo
Resumo
Environmental air pollution is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality worldwide. Environmental air pollution has a direct impact on human health, being responsible for an increase in the incidence of and number of deaths due to cardiopulmonary, neoplastic, and metabolic diseases; it also contributes to global warming and the consequent climate change associated with extreme events and environmental imbalances. In this review, we present articles that show the impact that exposure to different sources and types of air pollutants has on the respiratory system; we present the acute effects-such as increases in symptoms and in the number of emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and deaths-and the chronic effects-such as increases in the incidence of asthma, COPD, and lung cancer, as well as a rapid decline in lung function. The effects of air pollution in more susceptible populations and the effects associated with physical exercise in polluted environments are also presented and discussed. Finally, we present the major studies on the subject conducted in Brazil. Health care and disease prevention services should be aware of this important risk factor in order to counsel more susceptible individuals about protective measures that can facilitate their treatment, as well as promoting the adoption of environmental measures that contribute to the reduction of such emissions.
A poluição do ar ambiental é um dos principais fatores de risco de morbidade e mortalidadeglobal. Ela tem impacto direto na saúde humana, sendo responsável pelo aumento deincidência e de óbitos por doenças cardiorrespiratórias, neoplásicas e metabólicas;também contribui para o aquecimento global e para as consequentes alterações doclima associadas a eventos extremos e aos desequilíbrios ambientais. Nesta revisão,apresentamos artigos que evidenciam o impacto da exposição a diferentes fontes etipos de poluentes do ar no sistema respiratório; apresentamos os efeitos agudos —como aumento de sintomas e no número de atendimentos em serviços de emergência,internações e óbitos — e crônicos — como o aumento da incidência de asma, DPOCe câncer de pulmão, assim como o declínio acelerado da função pulmonar. Tambémsão apresentados e discutidos os efeitos da poluição atmosférica em populações maissuscetíveis e dos efeitos associados à realização de exercícios físicos em ambientespoluídos. Por fim, apresentamos os principais estudos brasileiros sobre o assunto. Osserviços de atenção à saúde e de prevenção de doenças devem ficar atentos a esseimportante fator de risco para orientar indivíduos mais suscetíveis sobre medidas deproteção que possam facilitar seu tratamento, além de estimular a adoção de medidasambientais que contribuam para a redução dessas emissões.
Palavras-chave
Air pollution, Particulate matter, Respiratory tract diseases, Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive, Asthma, Respiratory tract infections, Lung neoplasms, Poluição do ar, Material particulado, Doenças respiratórias, Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, Asma, Infecções respiratórias, Neoplasias pulmonares
Referências
  1. Achakulwisut P, 2019, LANCET PLANET HEALTH, V3, pE166, DOI 10.1016/S2542-5196(19)30046-4
  2. AckermannLiebrich U, 1997, AM J RESP CRIT CARE, V155, P122, DOI 10.1164/ajrccm.155.1.9001300
  3. Al-Kindi SG, 2020, NAT REV CARDIOL, V17, P656, DOI 10.1038/s41569-020-0371-2
  4. Alves ND, 2017, SCI REP-UK, V7, DOI 10.1038/s41598-017-11024-3
  5. Andersen ZJ, 2011, AM J RESP CRIT CARE, V183, P455, DOI 10.1164/rccm.201006-0937OC
  6. Anderson HR, 2013, AIR QUAL ATMOS HLTH, V6, P47, DOI 10.1007/s11869-011-0144-5
  7. Arbex MA, 2009, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V63, P777, DOI 10.1136/jech.2008.078360
  8. Arbex MA, 2000, J AIR WASTE MANAGE, V50, P1745, DOI 10.1080/10473289.2000.10464211
  9. Arbex MA, 2007, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V61, P395, DOI 10.1136/jech.2005.044743
  10. Arbex MA, 2014, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V68, P669, DOI 10.1136/jech-2013-203709
  11. Atkinson RW, 2014, THORAX, V69, P660, DOI 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204492
  12. GBD, 2018, LANCET, V392, P1923, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6
  13. GBD Causes Death Collaborators, 2018, LANCET, V392, P2170
  14. Gennaro G, 2020, EVALUATION POTENTIAL
  15. Giles LV, 2014, SPORTS MED, V44, P223, DOI 10.1007/s40279-013-0108-z
  16. Goto DM, 2011, ENVIRON RES, V111, P664, DOI 10.1016/j.envres.2011.03.006
  17. Hamra GB, 2014, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V122, P906, DOI [10.1289/ehp/1408092, 10.1289/ehp.1408092]
  18. Gouveia N, 2017, REV SAUDE PUBL, V51, DOI [10.11606/S1518-8787.2017051000223, 10.11606/s1518-8787.2017051000223]
  19. Guarnieri M, 2014, LANCET, V383, P1581, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60617-6
  20. Handschin C, 2008, NATURE, V454, P463, DOI 10.1038/nature07206
  21. He QQ, 2010, RESP MED, V104, P1512, DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2010.04.016
  22. Jacquemin B, 2015, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V123, P613, DOI 10.1289/ehp.1408206
  23. Huang SK, 2015, J THORAC DIS, V7, P23, DOI 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.12.13
  24. Ignotti E, 2010, REV SAUDE PUBL, V44, P121, DOI 10.1590/S0034-89102010000100013
  25. James SL, 2018, LANCET, V392, P1789, DOI [10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32279-7, 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32279-7]
  26. Jedrychowski WA, 2010, PAEDIATR PERINAT EP, V24, P492, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2010.01136.x
  27. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, 2006, World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser, V930, P1
  28. Landrigan PJ, 2018, LANCET, V391, P462, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32345-0
  29. Lelieveld J, 2018, LANCET PLANET HEALTH, V2, pE292, DOI [10.1016/S2542-5196(18)30147-5, 10.1016/s2542-5196(18)30147-5]
  30. Lelieveld J, 2019, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V116, P7192, DOI 10.1073/pnas.1819989116
  31. Lelieveld J, 2020, CARDIOVASC RES, V116, P1910, DOI 10.1093/cvr/cvaa025
  32. Li JH, 2016, INT J CHRONIC OBSTR, V11, P3079, DOI 10.2147/COPD.S122282
  33. Lin CA, 1999, PAEDIATR PERINAT EP, V13, P475
  34. Martins LC, 2002, REV SAUDE PUBL, V36, P88, DOI 10.1590/S0034-89102002000500013
  35. Liu YW, 2019, AM J RESP CRIT CARE, V200, P24, DOI 10.1164/rccm.201810-1823OC
  36. Longo KM, 2009, GEOPHYS MONOGR SER, V186, P207, DOI 10.1029/2008GM000847
  37. Martins LC, 2002, J OCCUP ENVIRON MED, V44, P622, DOI 10.1097/00043764-200207000-00006
  38. Martins MCH, 2004, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V58, P41, DOI 10.1136/jech.58.1.41
  39. Mauad T, 2008, AM J RESP CRIT CARE, V178, P721, DOI 10.1164/rccm.200803-436OC
  40. Mazzoli-Rocha F, 2014, RESP PHYSIOL NEUROBI, V191, P106, DOI 10.1016/j.resp.2013.11.004
  41. McConnell R, 2010, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V118, P1021, DOI 10.1289/ehp.0901232
  42. McConnell R, 2002, LANCET, V359, P386, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07597-9
  43. McConnell R, 1999, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V107, P757, DOI 10.2307/3434662
  44. McCreanor J, 2007, NEW ENGL J MED, V357, P2348, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa071535
  45. McDonnell WF, 1999, ENVIRON RES, V80, P110, DOI 10.1006/enrs.1998.3894
  46. Minelli C, 2011, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V173, P603, DOI 10.1093/aje/kwq403
  47. Mehta S, 2013, AIR QUAL ATMOS HLTH, V6, P69, DOI 10.1007/s11869-011-0146-3
  48. Lopes TDM, 2018, ENVIRON POLLUT, V241, P511, DOI 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.055
  49. Monge ME, 2010, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V107, P6605, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0908341107
  50. Nawrot TS, 2011, THORAX, V66, P748, DOI 10.1136/thx.2010.155192
  51. Orellano P, 2017, PLOS ONE, V12, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0174050
  52. Peters A, 2019, EXPERT REPORT INT SO
  53. Prado GF, 2012, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V437, P200, DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.069
  54. Pope CA, 2002, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V287, P1132, DOI 10.1001/jama.287.9.1132
  55. Pozzer A, 2020, CARDIOVASC RES, V116, P2247, DOI 10.1093/cvr/cvaa288
  56. Rao XQ, 2018, ANTIOXID REDOX SIGN, V28, P797, DOI 10.1089/ars.2017.7394
  57. Rice MB, 2019, THORAX, V74, P1063, DOI 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-212877
  58. Rodrigues Poliany Cristiny Oliveira, 2010, Rev. bras. epidemiol., V13, P523, DOI 10.1590/S1415-790X2010000300015
  59. Riguera D, 2011, REV SAUDE PUBL, V45, P878, DOI 10.1590/S0034-89102011005000052
  60. Riva DR, 2011, INHAL TOXICOL, V23, P257, DOI 10.3109/08958378.2011.566290
  61. Roth GA, 2018, LANCET, V392, P1736, DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32203-7
  62. SALDIVA PHN, 1994, ENVIRON RES, V65, P218, DOI 10.1006/enrs.1994.1033
  63. SALDIVA PHN, 1992, ENVIRON RES, V57, P19, DOI 10.1016/S0013-9351(05)80016-7
  64. SALDIVA PHN, 1995, ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH, V50, P159, DOI 10.1080/00039896.1995.9940893
  65. Schraufnagel DE, 2019, CHEST, V155, P417, DOI 10.1016/j.chest.2018.10.041
  66. Santos UP, 2016, PLOS ONE, V11, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0163225
  67. Schraufnagel DE, 2019, CHEST, V155, P409, DOI 10.1016/j.chest.2018.10.042
  68. SCHWARTZ J, 1989, ENVIRON RES, V50, P309, DOI 10.1016/S0013-9351(89)80012-X
  69. Sinharay R, 2018, LANCET, V391, P339, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32643-0
  70. Souza MB, 1998, CHEST, V113, P1312, DOI 10.1378/chest.113.5.1312
  71. Sly PD, 2019, AM J RESP CRIT CARE, V200, P1062, DOI 10.1164/rccm.201903-0675LE
  72. SOBRAL HR, 1989, SOC SCI MED, V29, P959, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(89)90051-8
  73. Stanaway JD, 2018, LANCET, V392, P1923, DOI [10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6, 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32225-6]
  74. Stanek LW, 2011, TOXICOL SCI, V120, pS8, DOI 10.1093/toxsci/kfq367
  75. Tainio M, 2016, PREV MED, V87, P233, DOI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.02.002
  76. Thurston GD, 2017, EUR RESPIR J, V49, DOI 10.1183/13993003.00419-2016
  77. World Health Organization, 2018, AIR POLL CHILD HLTH
  78. Jacobson LDV, 2014, PLOS ONE, V9, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0104177
  79. Wang M, 2019, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V322, P546, DOI 10.1001/jama.2019.10255
  80. World Health Organization, 2015, IARC MONOGRAPHS EVAL, V109
  81. World Health Organization, 1958, AIR POLL 5 REP EXP C
  82. Wu X, 2020, SCI ADV, V6, DOI 10.1126/sciadv.abd4049
  83. World Health Organization, 2017, EV WHO AIR QUAL GUID
  84. Wu JH, 2020, ATMOS ENVIRON, V231, DOI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117497
  85. Yang IA, 2009, POSTGRAD MED J, V85, P428, DOI 10.1136/thx.2007.079426
  86. Young MT, 2014, AM J RESP CRIT CARE, V190, P914, DOI 10.1164/rccm.201403-0525OC
  87. Zanobetti A, 2009, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V117, P898, DOI 10.1289/ehp.0800108
  88. Zhang RY, 2004, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V101, P6346, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0401484101
  89. Bell ML, 2001, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V109, P389, DOI 10.2307/3434786
  90. Zhao JL, 2019, RESP RES, V20, DOI 10.1186/s12931-019-1081-3
  91. Zuurbier M, 2011, EPIDEMIOLOGY, V22, P219, DOI 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3182093693
  92. Bharadwaj P, 2016, AM J RESP CRIT CARE, V194, P1475, DOI 10.1164/rccm.201603-0451OC
  93. Bowatte G, 2015, ALLERGY, V70, P245, DOI 10.1111/all.12561
  94. Braga ALF, 2001, PEDIATR PULM, V31, P106, DOI 10.1002/1099-0496(200102)31:2<106::AID-PPUL1017>3.0.CO;2-M
  95. Bowatte G, 2017, EUR RESPIR J, V50, DOI 10.1183/13993003.02357-2016
  96. Braga A. L. F., 1999, Journal of Environmental Medicine, V1, P95, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199904/06)1:2<95::AID-JEM16>3.0.CO;2-S
  97. Brandt EB, 2015, CURR OPIN PEDIATR, V27, P724, DOI 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000286
  98. Brunekreef B, 2002, LANCET, V360, P1233, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11274-8
  99. Cancado JE, 2006, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V114, P725, DOI 10.1289/ehp.8485
  100. da Silva AMC, 2013, REV SAUDE PUBL, V47, P345, DOI 10.1590/S0034-8910.2013047004410
  101. Chen ZH, 2015, J THORAC DIS, V7, P46, DOI 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.12.20
  102. Choe SA, 2019, BMC PREGNANCY CHILDB, V19, DOI 10.1186/s12884-019-2401-9
  103. Cohen AJ, 2017, LANCET, V389, P1907, DOI [10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30505-6, 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30505-6]
  104. Conceicao GMS, 2001, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V109, P347, DOI 10.2307/3434781
  105. Conticini E., 2020, ENVIRON POLLUT, V261, P114465, DOI [10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114465, DOI 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114465]
  106. do Carmo CN, 2010, REV PANAM SALUD PUBL, V27, P10, DOI 10.1590/S1020-49892010000100002
  107. de Hartog JJ, 2010, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V118, P1109, DOI 10.1289/ehp.0901747
  108. Di Q, 2017, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V318, P2446, DOI 10.1001/jama.2017.17923
  109. DOCKERY DW, 1993, NEW ENGL J MED, V329, P1753, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199312093292401
  110. Doiron D, 2019, EUR RESPIR J, V54, DOI 10.1183/13993003.02140-2018
  111. Fajersztajn L, 2017, INT J PUBLIC HEALTH, V62, P729, DOI 10.1007/s00038-017-0960-y
  112. Gauderman WJ, 2004, NEW ENGL J MED, V351, P1057, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa040610