Headache disability, lifestyle factors, health perception, and mental disorder symptoms: a cross-sectional analysis of the 2013 National Health Survey in Brazil

Abstract

Objective To evaluate the past 2-week headache disability and explore its association with lifestyle factors, health perception, and mental disorder symptoms in the PNS 2013 survey. Background The prevalence of headache disorders has been associated with lifestyle factors, mental disorders, and health perception. However, less is known regarding their influence on headache-related disability. Methods In a cross-sectional analysis, chi-squared tests and logistic regression models computed the associations between headache-related disability (defined as days lost from work, school, or household chores in the past 2 weeks) and the variables of interest, compared to other disease-related disabilities groups or no day lost group. The adjusted models controlled for the effects of age, sex, income, and educational levels. Results In the sample aged >= 18 years (n = 145,580), 10,728 (7.4%) participants reported any disease-related disability in the past 2 weeks (median interquartile range (IQR) for age = 47 (33-59) years, 62% women), with the median (IQR) days lost = 5 (2-14). Headache disability represented 5.3% (572/10,728) of all diseases, constituting the 4th most prevalent disease-related disability [median (IQR) days lost = 3 (3-4)]. Among people aged 18-25 years, headache disorders ranked 2nd as the most prevalent disability (13%), headache-related disability positively associated with physical inactivity, poorer health perception, and frequent mental disorders symptoms, and negatively associated with overweight, obesity, and alcohol consumption. Conclusion Headache disability represents a leading cause of disease-related disability in Brazil and associates with unhealthy lifestyle factors, poorer health perception, and frequent mental disorder symptoms.