Referências

1. Majno G., Joris I., Chronic inflammation, Cells, Tissues and Disease, pp. 442-476, (2004)
2. Kleiner D.E., Granulomas in the liver, Semin Diagn Pathol, 23, pp. 161-169, (2006)
3. Guckian J.C., Perry J.E., Granulomatous hepatitis. An analysis of 63 cases and review of the literature, Ann Intern Med, 65, pp. 1081-1100, (1966)
4. Satti M.B., al-Freihi H., Ibrahim E.M., Et al., Hepatic granuloma in Saudi Arabia: a clinicopathological study of 59 cases, Am J Gastroenterol, 85, pp. 669-674, (1990)
5. Drebber U., Kasper H.U., Ratering J., Et al., Hepatic granulomas: histological and molecular pathological approach to differential diagnosis-a study of 442 cases, Liver Int, 28, pp. 828-834, (2008)
6. Dourakis S.P., Saramadou R., Alexopoulou A., Et al., Hepatic granulomas: a 6-year experience in a single center in Greece, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 19, pp. 101-104, (2007)
7. Gaya D.R., Thorburn D., Oien K.A., Et al., Hepatic granulomas: a 10-year single centre experience, J Clin Pathol, 56, pp. 850-853, (2003)
8. Mert A., Ozaras R., Bilir M., Et al., The etiology of hepatic granulomas, J Clin Gastroenterol, 32, pp. 275-276, (2001)
9. Denk H., Scheuer P.J., Baptista A., Et al., Guidelines for the diagnosis and interpretation of hepatic granulomas, Histopathology, 25, pp. 209-218, (1994)
10. Worthington M.G., O'Donnell K.F., Dowling J.J., Et al., Granulomatous hepatitis in Yersinia enterocolitica bacteraemia, J Infect, 9, pp. 170-173, (1984)
11. Johnson T.L., Barnett J.L., Appelman H.D., Et al., Candida hepatitis. Histopathologic diagnosis, Am J Surg Pathol, 12, pp. 716-720, (1988)
12. Mora D.J., dos Santos C.T., Silva-Vergara M.L., Disseminated histoplasmosis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients in Uberaba, MG, Brazil, Mycoses, 51, pp. 136-140, (2008)
13. Oh Y.S., Lisker-Melman M., Korenblat K.M., Et al., Disseminated histoplasmosis in a liver transplant recipient, Liver Transpl, 12, pp. 677-681, (2006)
14. Doeglas H.M., ten Berg J.A., Larva currens (migrans) caused by Strongyloides stercoralis, Dermatologica, 144, pp. 350-352, (1972)
15. Sakakibara A., Baba K., Niwa S., Et al., Visceral larva migrans due to Ascaris suum which presented with eosinophilic pneumonia and multiple intra-hepatic lesions with severe eosinophil infiltration-outbreak in a Japanese area other than Kyushu, Intern Med, 41, pp. 574-579, (2002)
16. Kaplan K.J., Goodman Z.D., Ishak K.G., Eosinophilic granuloma of the liver: a characteristic lesion with relationship to visceral larva migrans, Am J Surg Pathol, 25, pp. 1316-1321, (2001)
17. Ozaras R., Tahan V., Mert A., Et al., The prevalence of hepatic granulomas in chronic hepatitis C, J Clin Gastroenterol, 38, pp. 449-452, (2004)
18. Goldin R.D., Levine T.S., Foster G.R., Et al., Granulomas and hepatitis C, Histopathology, 28, pp. 265-267, (1996)
19. Vakiani E., Hunt K.K., Mazziotta R.M., Et al., Hepatitis C-associated granulomas after liver transplantation: morphologic spectrum and clinical implications, Am J Clin Pathol, 127, pp. 128-134, (2007)
20. Emile J.F., Sebagh M., Feray C., Et al., The presence of epithelioid granulomas in hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis, Hum Pathol, 24, pp. 1095-1097, (1993)
21. Fiel M.I., Shukla D., Saraf N., Et al., Development of hepatic granulomas in patients receiving pegylated interferon therapy for recurrent hepatitis C virus post liver transplantation, Transpl Infect Dis, 10, pp. 183-189, (2007)
22. Moreno-Merlo F., Wanless I.R., Shimamatsu K., Et al., The role of granulomatous phlebitis and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis and portal hypertension in sarcoidosis, Hepatology, 26, pp. 554-560, (1997)
23. Tahan V., Ozaras R., Lacevic N., Et al., Prevalence of hepatic granulomas in chronic hepatitis B, Dig Dis Sci, 49, pp. 1575-1577, (2004)
24. Drebber U., Kasper H.U., Ratering J., Et al., Hepatic granulomas: histological and molecular pathological approach to differential diagnosis-a study of 442 cases, Liver Int, 28, pp. 828-834, (2008)
25. Harder H., Buchler M.W., Frohlich B., Et al., Extrapulmonary sarcoidosis of liver and pancreas: a case report and review of literature, World J Gastroenterol, 13, pp. 2504-2509, (2007)
26. Pereira-Lima J., Schaffner F., Chronic cholestasis in hepatic sarcoidosis with clinical features resembling primary biliary cirrhosis. Report of two cases, Am J Med, 83, pp. 144-148, (1987)
27. Deniz K., Ward S.C., Rosen A., Et al., Budd-Chiari syndrome in sarcoidosis involving liver, Liver Int, 28, pp. 580-581, (2008)
28. McMaster K.R., Hennigar G.R., Drug-induced granulomatous hepatitis, Lab Invest, 44, pp. 61-73, (1981)
29. Ishak K.G., Zimmerman H.J., Drug-induced and toxic granulomatous hepatitis, Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol, 2, pp. 463-480, (1988)
30. Lindgren A., Aldenborg F., Norkrans G., Et al., Paracetamol-induced cholestatic and granulomatous liver injuries, J Intern Med, 241, pp. 435-439, (1997)
31. Swank L.A., Chejfec G., Nemchausky B.A., Allopurinol-induced granulomatous hepatitis with cholangitis and a sarcoid-like reaction, Arch Intern Med, 138, pp. 997-998, (1978)
32. Tam S., Carroll W., Allopurinol hepatotoxicity, Am J Med, 86, pp. 357-358, (1989)
33. Yoon J.Y., Min S.Y., Park J.Y., Et al., [A case of allopurinol-induced granulomatous hepatitis with ductopenia and cholestasis], Korean J Hepatol, 14, pp. 97-101, (2008)
34. Chawla S.K., Patel H.D., Parrino G.R., Et al., Allopurinol hepatotoxicity. Case report and literature review, Arthritis Rheum, 20, pp. 1546-1549, (1977)
35. Silvain C., Fort E., Levillain P., Et al., Granulomatous hepatitis due to combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, Dig Dis Sci, 37, pp. 150-152, (1992)
36. Ryley N.G., Fleming K.A., Chapman R.W., Focal destructive cholangiopathy associated with amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (Augmentin), J Hepatol, 23, pp. 278-282, (1995)
37. Pimentel J.C., Menezes A.P., Liver granulomas containing copper in vineyard sprayer's lung. A new etiology of hepatic granulomatosis, Am Rev Respir Dis, 111, pp. 189-195, (1975)
38. Larrey D., Vial T., Micaleff A., Et al., Hepatitis associated with amoxycillin-clavulanic acid combination report of 15 cases, Gut, 33, pp. 368-371, (1992)
39. Rodriguez Hernandez H., Dehesa Violante M., Vega Ramos B., Et al., [Granulomatous hepatitis secondary to ingestion of carbamazepine. Report of a case], Rev Gastroenterol Mex, 54, pp. 239-241, (1989)
40. Soffer E.E., Taylor R.J., Bertram P.D., Et al., Carbamazepine-induced liver injury, South Med J, 76, pp. 681-683, (1983)
41. Levander H.G., Granulomatous hepatitis in a patient receiving carbamazepine, Acta Med Scand, 208, pp. 333-335, (1980)
42. Ben-Yehuda A., Bloom A., Lijovetzky G., Et al., Chlorpromazine-induced liver and bone marrow granulomas associated with agranulocytosis, Isr J Med Sci, 26, pp. 449-451, (1990)
43. Toft E., Vyberg M., Therkelsen K., Diltiazem-induced granulomatous hepatitis, Histopathology, 18, pp. 474-475, (1991)
44. Sarachek N.S., London R.L., Matulewicz T.J., Diltiazem and granulomatous hepatitis, Gastroenterology, 88, pp. 1260-1262, (1985)
45. Mullick F.G., Ishak K.G., Hepatic injury associated with diphenylhydantoin therapy. A clinicopathologic study of 20 cases, Am J Clin Pathol, 74, pp. 442-452, (1980)
46. Saw D., Pitman E., Maung M., Et al., Granulomatous hepatitis associated with glyburide, Dig Dis Sci, 41, pp. 322-325, (1996)
47. Shah I.A., Brandt H., Halothane-associated granulomatous hepatitis, Digestion, 28, pp. 245-249, (1983)
48. Dordal E., Glagov S., Orlando R.A., Et al., Fatal halothane hepatitis with transient granuloma, N Engl J Med, 283, pp. 357-359, (1970)
49. Jori G.P., Peschile C., Hydralazine disease associated with transient granulomas in the liver. A case report, Gastroenterology, 64, pp. 1163-1167, (1973)
50. Colle I., Naegels S., Hoorens A., Et al., Granulomatous hepatitis due to mebendazole, J Clin Gastroenterol, 28, pp. 44-45, (1999)
51. Bezahler G.H., Fatal methyldopa-associated granulomatous hepatitis and myocarditis, Am J Med Sci, 283, pp. 41-45, (1982)
52. Benjamin S.B., Ishak K.G., Zimmerman H.J., Et al., Phenylbutazone liver injury: a clinical-pathologic survey of 23 cases and review of the literature, Hepatology, 1, pp. 255-263, (1981)
53. Miller A.C., Reid W.M., Methyldopa-induced granulomatous hepatitis, JAMA, 235, pp. 2001-2002, (1976)
54. Mirada Canals A., Monteagudo Jimenez M., Sole Villa J., Et al., Methyldopa-induced granulomatous hepatitis, DICP, 25, pp. 1269-1270, (1991)
55. Braun M., Fraser G.M., Kunin M., Et al., Mesalamine-induced granulomatous hepatitis, Am J Gastroenterol, 94, pp. 1973-1974, (1999)
56. Bjornsson E., Olsson R., Remotti H., Norfloxacin-induced eosinophilic necrotizing granulomatous hepatitis, Am J Gastroenterol, 95, pp. 3662-3664, (2000)
57. Malatjalian D.A., Graham C.H., Liver adenoma with granulomas. The appearance of granulomas in oral contraceptive-related hepatocellular adenoma and in the surrounding nontumorous liver, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 106, pp. 244-246, (1982)
58. Ishak K.G., Kirchner J.P., Dhar J.K., Granulomas and cholestatic-hepatocellular injury associated with phenylbutazone. Report of two cases, Am J Dig Dis, 22, pp. 611-617, (1977)
59. Gaffey C.M., Chun B., Harvey J.C., Et al., Phenytoin-induced systemic granulomatous vasculitis, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 110, pp. 131-135, (1986)
60. Cook I.F., Shilkin K.B., Reed W.D., Phenytoin induced granulomatous hepatitis, Aust N Z J Med, 11, pp. 539-541, (1981)
61. Knobel B., Buyanowsky G., Dan M., Et al., Pyrazinamide-induced granulomatous hepatitis, J Clin Gastroenterol, 24, pp. 264-266, (1997)
62. Bramlet D.A., Posalaky Z., Olson R., Granulomatous hepatitis as a manifestation of quinidine hypersensitivity, Arch Intern Med, 140, pp. 395-397, (1980)
63. Geltner D., Chajek T., Rubinger D., Et al., Quinidine hypersensitivity and liver involvement. A survey of 32 patients, Gastroenterology, 70, pp. 650-652, (1976)
64. Chajek T., Lehrer B., Geltner D., Et al., Quinidine-induced granulomatous hepatitis, Ann Intern Med, 81, pp. 774-776, (1974)
65. Hou M., Horney E., Stockelberg D., Et al., Multiple quinine-dependent antibodies in a patient with episodic thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, lymphocytopenia, and granulomatous hepatitis, Blood, 90, pp. 4806-4811, (1997)
66. Katz B., Weetch M., Chopra S., Quinine-induced granulomatous hepatitis, Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 286, pp. 264-265, (1983)
67. Ferrell L.D., Lee R., Brixko C., Et al., Hepatic granulomas following liver transplantation. Clinicopathologic features in 42 patients, Transplantation, 60, pp. 926-933, (1995)
68. Mathur S., Dooley J., Scheuer P.J., Quinine induced granulomatous hepatitis and vasculitis, BMJ, 300, (1990)
69. Nirodi N.S., Quinine induced granulomatous hepatitis, Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 286, (1983)
70. Dhawan M., Agrawal R., Ravi J., Et al., Rosiglitazone-induced granulomatous hepatitis, J Clin Gastroenterol, 34, pp. 582-584, (2002)
71. Cunnigham D., Mills P.R., Quigley E.M., Et al., Hepatic granulomas: experience over a 10-year period in the West of Scotland, Q J Med, 51, pp. 162-170, (1982)
72. Mills P.R., Russell R.I., Diagnosis of hepatic granulomas: a review, J R Soc Med, 76, pp. 393-397, (1983)
73. Petersen P., Christoffersen P., Ultrastructure of lipogranulomas in human fatty liver, Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [A], 87, pp. 45-49, (1979)
74. Morita Y., Ueno T., Sasaki N., Et al., Comparison of liver histology between patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and patients with alcoholic steatohepatitis in Japan, Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 29, pp. 277S-281S, (2005)
75. Miller M.J., Lonardo E.C., Greer R.D., Et al., Variable responses of species and strains to white mineral oils and paraffin waxes, Regul Toxicol Pharmacol, 23, pp. 55-68, (1996)
76. Fleming K.A., Zimmerman H., Shubik P., Granulomas in the livers of humans and Fischer rats associated with the ingestion of mineral hydrocarbons: a comparison, Regul Toxicol Pharmacol, 27, pp. 75-81, (1998)
77. Ponz E., Garcia-Pagan J.C., Bruguera M., Et al., Hepatic fibrin-ring granulomas in a patient with hepatitis A, Gastroenterology, 100, pp. 268-270, (1991)
78. Glazer E., Ejaz A., Coley C.S., Et al., Fibrin ring granuloma in chronic hepatitis C: virus-related vasculitis and/or immune complex disease?, Semin Liver Dis, 27, pp. 227-230, (2007)
79. Moreno A., Marazuela M., Yebra M., Et al., Hepatic fibrin-ring granulomas in visceral leishmaniasis, Gastroenterology, 95, pp. 1123-1126, (1988)
80. Stricker B.H., Blok A.P., Babany G., Et al., Fibrin ring granulomas and allopurinol, Gastroenterology, 96, pp. 1199-1203, (1989)
81. Lobdell D.H., Ring"" granulomas in cytomegalovirus hepatitis, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 111, pp. 881-882, (1987)
82. Nenert M., Mavier P., Dubuc N., Et al., Epstein-Barr virus infection and hepatic fibrin-ring granulomas, Hum Pathol, 19, pp. 608-610, (1988)
83. Raya Sanchez J.M., Arguelles H.A., Brito Barroso M.L., Et al., Bone marrow fibrin-ring (doughnut) granulomas and peripheral T-cell lymphoma: an exceptional association, Haematologica, 86, (2001)
84. de Bayser L., Roblot P., Ramassamy A., Et al., Hepatic fibrin-ring granulomas in giant cell arteritis, Gastroenterology, 105, pp. 272-273, (1993)
85. Marazuela M., Moreno A., Yebra M., Et al., Hepatic fibrin-ring granulomas: a clinicopathologic study of 23 patients, Hum Pathol, 22, pp. 607-613, (1991)
86. Veiga Gonzalez M., Riestra Martinez M., Fresno Forcelledo M., Et al., [Miliary tuberculosis. Autopsy study of 29 cases], An Med Interna, 12, pp. 17-20, (1995)
87. Leader S.A., Tuberculosis of the liver and gall-bladder with abscess formation: a review and case report, Ann Intern Med, 37, pp. 594-606, (1952)
88. Rahmatulla R.H., al-Mofleh I.A., al-Rashed R.S., Et al., Tuberculous liver abscess: a case report and review of literature, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 13, pp. 437-440, (2001)
89. Xing X., Li H., Liu W.G., Hepatic segmentectomy for treatment of hepatic tuberculous pseudotumor, Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int, 4, pp. 565-568, (2005)
90. Levine C., Primary macronodular hepatic tuberculosis: US and CT appearances, Gastrointest Radiol, 15, pp. 307-309, (1990)
91. Fernandes J.D., Nebesar R.A., Wall S.G., Et al., Report of tuberculous hepatitis presenting as metastatic disease, Clin Nucl Med, 9, pp. 345-347, (1984)
92. Aggarwal S., Guleria S., Hussain T., Biliary stricture due to tuberculosis of the common bile duct, Trop Gastroenterol, 22, pp. 28-29, (2001)
93. Behera A., Kochhar R., Dhavan S., Et al., Isolated common bile duct tuberculosis mimicking malignant obstruction, Am J Gastroenterol, 92, pp. 2122-2123, (1997)
94. Alvarez S.Z., Hepatobiliary tuberculosis, J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 13, pp. 833-839, (1998)
95. Amarapurkar A., Agrawal V., Liver involvement in tuberculosis-an autopsy study, Trop Gastroenterol, 27, pp. 69-74, (2006)
96. Alcantara-Payawal D.E., Matsumura M., Shiratori Y., Et al., Direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using polymerase chain reaction assay among patients with hepatic granuloma, J Hepatol, 27, pp. 620-627, (1997)
97. Diaz M.L., Herrera T., Lopez-Vidal Y., Et al., Polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in tissue and assessment of its utility in the diagnosis of hepatic granulomas, J Lab Clin Med, 127, pp. 359-363, (1996)
98. Chen T.S., Drutz D.J., Whelan G.E., Hepatic granulomas in leprosy. Their relation to bacteremia, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 100, pp. 182-185, (1976)
99. Karat A.B., Job C.K., Rao P.S., Liver in leprosy: histological and biochemical findings, BMJ, 1, pp. 307-310, (1971)
100. Patnaik J.K., Saha P.K., Satpathy S.K., Et al., Hepatic morphology in reactional states of leprosy, Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis, 57, pp. 499-505, (1989)
101. Barbosa Junior Ade A., Silva T.C., Patel B.N., Et al., Demonstration of mycobacterial antigens in skin biopsies fron suspected leprosy cases in the absence of bacilli, Pathol Res Pract, 190, pp. 782-785, (1994)
102. Gaur S., Trayner E., Aish L., Et al., Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma arising in a patient with bronchiectasis and chronic Mycobacterium avium infection, Am J Hematol, 77, pp. 22-25, (2004)
103. Patel R., Roberts G.D., Keating M.R., Et al., Infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria in kidney, heart, and liver transplant recipients, Clin Infect Dis, 19, pp. 263-273, (1994)
104. Adal K.A., Wispelwey B., Mycobacterium avium complex peritonitis in a patient with alcoholic liver disease, J Clin Gastroenterol, 22, pp. 245-246, (1996)
105. Fernandez-Miranda C., Medina J., Palenque E., Et al., Peritonitis with Mycobacterium avium in a patient with hepatic cirrhosis, Am J Gastroenterol, 88, (1993)
106. Bottger E.C., Teske A., Kirschner P., Et al., Disseminated ""Mycobacterium genavense"" infection in patients with AIDS, Lancet, 340, pp. 76-80, (1992)
107. Smith M.B., Molina C.P., Schnadig V.J., Et al., Pathologic features of Mycobacterium kansasii infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 127, pp. 554-560, (2003)
108. Akritidis N., Tzivras M., Delladetsima I., Et al., The liver in brucellosis, Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 5, pp. 1109-1112, (2007)
109. Cervantes F., Bruguera M., Carbonell J., Et al., Liver disease in brucellosis. A clinical and pathological study of 40 cases, Postgrad Med J, 58, pp. 346-350, (1982)
110. Raoult D., Marrie T., Q fever, Clin Infect Dis, 20, pp. 489-495, (1995)
111. Fournier P.E., Marrie T.J., Raoult D., Diagnosis of Q fever, J Clin Microbiol, 36, pp. 1823-1834, (1998)
112. Pellegrin M., Delsol G., Auvergnat J.C., Et al., Granulomatous hepatitis in Q fever, Hum Pathol, 11, pp. 51-57, (1980)
113. Watanabe A., Takahashi H., Diagnosis and treatment of Q fever: attempts to clarify current problems in Japan, J Infect Chemother, 14, pp. 1-7, (2008)
114. Sallah S., Semelka R.C., Wehbie R., Et al., Hepatosplenic candidiasis in patients with acute leukaemia, Br J Haematol, 106, pp. 697-701, (1999)
115. Shi S.H., Lu A.W., Shen Y., Et al., Spectrum and risk factors for invasive candidiasis and non- Candida fungal infections after liver transplantation, Chin Med J (Engl), 121, pp. 625-630, (2008)