Artigos e Materiais de Revistas Científicas - LIM/23
URI Permanente para esta coleção
A coleção de Artigos e Materiais de Revistas Científicas engloba artigos originais, artigos de revisão, artigos de atualização, artigos técnicos, relatos de experiências, resenhas, ensaios, editoriais, cartas ao editor, debates, notas científicas e técnicas, depoimentos, entrevistas e pontos de vista. Consideram-se como artigos científicos originais os trabalhos redigidos para divulgação de informações e resultados sobre determinada pesquisa científica, publicados em periódico científico após avaliação por outros pesquisadores.
Navegar
Submissões Recentes
- Age of onset and cumulative risk of mental disorders: a cross-national analysis of population surveys from 29 countries(2023) MCGRATH, J. J.; AL-HAMZAWI, A.; ALONSO, J.; ALTWAIJRI, Y.; ANDRADE, L. H.; BROMET, E. J.; BRUFFAERTS, R.; ALMEIDA, J. M. C. de; CHARDOUL, S.; CHIU, W. T.; DEGENHARDT, L.; DEMLER, O. V.; FERRY, F.; GUREJE, O.; HARO, J. M.; KARAM, E. G.; KARAM, G.; KHALED, S. M.; KOVESS-MASFETY, V.; MAGNO, M.; MEDINA-MORA, M. E.; MOSKALEWICZ, J.; NAVARRO-MATEU, F.; NISHI, D.; PLANA-RIPOLL, O.; POSADA-VILLA, J.; RAPSEY, C.; SAMPSON, N. A.; STAGNARO, J. C.; STEIN, D. J.; HAVE, M. ten; TORRES, Y.; VLADESCU, C.; WOODRUFF, P. W.; ZARKOV, Z.; KESSLER, R. C.; AGUILAR-GAXIOLA, S.; ALTWAIJRI, Y. A.; ATWOLI, L.; BENJET, C.; BUNTING, B.; CALDAS-DE-ALMEIDA, J. M.; CARDOSO, G.; CíA, A. H.; GIROLAMO, G. De; HARRIS, M. G.; HINKOV, H.; HU, C.-Y.; JONGE, P. De; KARAM, A. N.; KAZDIN, A. E.; KAWAKAMI, N.; KESSLER, R. C.; KIEJNA, A.; MCGRATH, J. J.; PIAZZA, M.; SCOTT, K. M.; STEIN, D. J.; VIANA, M. C.; VIGO, D. V.; WILLIAMS, D. R.; WOODRUFF, P.; WOJTYNIAK, B.; XAVIER, M.; ZASLAVSKY, A. M.Background: Information on the frequency and timing of mental disorder onsets across the lifespan is of fundamental importance for public health planning. Broad, cross-national estimates of this information from coordinated general population surveys were last updated in 2007. We aimed to provide updated and improved estimates of age-of-onset distributions, lifetime prevalence, and morbid risk. Methods: In this cross-national analysis, we analysed data from respondents aged 18 years or older to the World Mental Health surveys, a coordinated series of cross-sectional, face-to-face community epidemiological surveys administered between 2001 and 2022. In the surveys, the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview, a fully structured psychiatric diagnostic interview, was used to assess age of onset, lifetime prevalence, and morbid risk of 13 DSM-IV mental disorders until age 75 years across surveys by sex. We did not assess ethnicity. The surveys were geographically clustered and weighted to adjust for selection probability, and standard errors of incidence rates and cumulative incidence curves were calculated using the jackknife repeated replications simulation method, taking weighting and geographical clustering of data into account. Findings: We included 156 331 respondents from 32 surveys in 29 countries, including 12 low-income and middle-income countries and 17 high-income countries, and including 85 308 (54·5%) female respondents and 71 023 (45·4%) male respondents. The lifetime prevalence of any mental disorder was 28·6% (95% CI 27·9–29·2) for male respondents and 29·8% (29·2–30·3) for female respondents. Morbid risk of any mental disorder by age 75 years was 46·4% (44·9–47·8) for male respondents and 53·1% (51·9–54·3) for female respondents. Conditional probabilities of first onset peaked at approximately age 15 years, with a median age of onset of 19 years (IQR 14–32) for male respondents and 20 years (12–36) for female respondents. The two most prevalent disorders were alcohol use disorder and major depressive disorder for male respondents and major depressive disorder and specific phobia for female respondents. Interpretation: By age 75 years, approximately half the population can expect to develop one or more of the 13 mental disorders considered in this Article. These disorders typically first emerge in childhood, adolescence, or young adulthood. Services should have the capacity to detect and treat common mental disorders promptly and to optimise care that suits people at these crucial parts of the life course. Funding: None.
- Longitudinal Description and Prediction of Smoking Among Borderline Patients: An 18 Year Follow-Up Study(2023) BRANAS, Marcelo J. A. A.; FRANKENBURG, Frances R.; TEMES, Christina M.; FITZMAURICE, Garrett M.; ZANARINI, Mary C.Objective: The objectives of this study were (1) to compare smoking between recovered and non-recovered patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) over the course of 18 years and (2) to assess baseline predictors of tobacco use in patients with BPD. Methods: A total of 264 borderline patients were interviewed concerning their smoking history beginning at the 6-year follow-up wave in a longitudinal study of the course of BPD (McLean Study of Adult Development) and re -interviewed at 2-year intervals over the next 18 years. Initial data collection of the larger study happened between June 1992 and December 1995, and the DSM-III-R and the Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB-R) were used as the diagnostic instruments for BPD.Results: Recovered patients had a 48% lower prevalence of smoking than non -recovered patients at 6-year follow-up (a significant difference; P=.01). Also, the rate of decline in smoking for the recovered group was 68% and was significantly faster (P= .008) than for the non-recovered group over the subsequent 18 years. Alcohol abuse or dependence (relative risk [RR]=1.22; 95% CI,1.06-1.40; P=.005), lower levels of education (RR=1.28; 95% CI,1.15-1.42; P<.001), and higher levels of the defense mechanism of denial (RR=1.08; 95% CI,1.03-1.13; P=.002) were significant predictors of smoking in borderline patients in multivariate analyses.Conclusions: Taken together, the results of this study suggest that recovery status was an important element in the prevalence of smoking among borderline patients over time. They also suggest that smoking was predicted by 3 factors: prior psychopathology, demographics, and psychological maturity.
- Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Item Pairing Predictiveness for Prescreening Depressive Symptomatology: Machine Learning Analysis(2023) GLAVIN, Darragh; GRUA, Eoin Martino; NAKAMURA, Carina Akemi; SCAZUFCA, Marcia; SANTOS, Edinilza Ribeiro dos; WONG, Gloria H. Y.; HOLLINGWORTH, William; PETERS, Tim J.; ARAYA, Ricardo; VEN, Pepijn Van deBackground: Anhedonia and depressed mood are considered the cardinal symptoms of major depressive disorder. These are the first 2 items of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 and comprise the ultrabrief PHQ-2 used for prescreening depressive symptomatology. The prescreening performance of alternative PHQ-9 item pairings is rarely compared with that of the PHQ-2.Objective: This study aims to use machine learning (ML) with the PHQ-9 items to identify and validate the most predictive 2-item depressive symptomatology ultrabrief questionnaire and to test the generalizability of the best pairings found on the primary data set, with 6 external data sets from different populations to validate their use as prescreening instruments.Methods: All 36 possible PHQ-9 item pairings (each yielding scores of 0-6) were investigated using ML-based methods with logistic regression models. Their performances were evaluated based on the classification of depressive symptomatology, defined as PHQ-9 scores >= 10. This gave each pairing an equal opportunity and avoided any bias in item pairing selection.Results: The ML-based PHQ-9 items 2 and 4 (phq2&4), the depressed mood and low-energy item pairing, and PHQ-9 items 2 and 8 (phq2&8), the depressed mood and psychomotor retardation or agitation item pairing, were found to be the best on the primary data set training split. They generalized well on the primary data set test split with area under the curves (AUCs) of 0.954 and 0.946, respectively, compared with an AUC of 0.942 for the PHQ-2. The phq2&4 had a higher AUC than the PHQ-2 on all 6 external data sets, and the phq2&8 had a higher AUC than the PHQ-2 on 3 data sets. The phq2&4 had the highest Youden index (an unweighted average of sensitivity and specificity) on 2 external data sets, and the phq2&8 had the highest Youden index on another 2. The PHQ-2 >= 2 cutoff also had the highest Youden index on 2 external data sets, joint highest with the phq2&4 on 1, but its performance fluctuated the most. The PHQ-2 >= 3 cutoff had the highest Youden index on 1 external data set. The sensitivity and specificity achieved by the phq2&4 and phq2&8 were more evenly balanced than the PHQ-2 >= 2 and >= 3 cutoffs.Conclusions: The PHQ-2 did not prove to be a more effective prescreening instrument when compared with other PHQ-9 item pairings. Evaluating all item pairings showed that, compared with alternative partner items, the anhedonia item underperformed alongside the depressed mood item. This suggests that the inclusion of anhedonia as a core symptom of depression and its presence in ultrabrief questionnaires may be incompatible with the empirical evidence. The use of the PHQ-2 to prescreen for depressive symptomatology could result in a greater number of misclassifications than alternative item pairings.
- Treatment Gap of Mental Disorders in Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area, Brazil: Failure and Delay in Initiating Treatment Contact After First Onset of Mental and Substance Use Disorders(2023) FRANCA, Mariane Henriques; WANG, Yuan-Pang; ANDRADE, Laura Helena; VIANA, Maria CarmenAn under-studied crucial step in the health-related help-seeking process is making prompt contact with a treatment provider when a mental disorder strikes. This study aims to provide data on patterns and predictors of failure and delay in making initial treatment contact after the first onset of a mental disorder among adult residents in Sao Paulo, Brazil. A representative face-to-face household survey was conducted among 5,037 respondents aged 18 + years to assess lifetime psychiatric diagnosis, treatment contact, and delay using the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Cumulative lifetime probability curves show that most people with lifetime disorders eventually make treatment contact, and this is more frequent among those with mood (94.4%) than anxiety (63.6%) and substance use disorders (46.4%). Median delay of treatment contact ranged from 3 to 13 years for mood, 1 to 36 years for anxiety, and 8 to 14 for substance use disorders. Earlier onset was associated with lower probabilities of treatment contact for most disorders (10 out of 15). Failure to promptly seek/receive treatment is a pervasive aspect of the unmet need for mental health care in Brazil.
- Drug overdose deaths in Brazil between 2000 and 2020: an analysis of sociodemographics and intentionality(2023) BIANCO, Marina Costa Moreira; TARDELLI, Vitor S.; BROOKS, Emily Rose; ARECO, Kelsy C. N.; TARDELLI, Adalberto O.; BANDIERA-PAIVA, Paulo; SANTAELLA, Julian; SEGURA, Luis E.; CASTALDELLI-MAIA, Joao M.; MARTINS, Silvia S.; FIDALGO, Thiago M.Objectives: To examine drug overdose records in Brazil from 2000 to 2020, analyzing trends over time in overdoses and overall sociodemographic characteristics of the deceased.Methods: Using data from the Brazilian Mortality Information System (Sistema de Informac,oes sobre Mortalidade), we identified records from 2000-2020 in which the underlying cause-of-death was one of the following codes: X40-X45 (accidental poisoning), X60-X65 (intentional poisoning), or Y10-Y15 (undetermined intentionality poisoning). The Brazilian dataset included 21,410 deaths. We used joinpoint regression analysis to assess changes in trends over time.Results: People who died of drug overdoses in Brazil between 2000 and 2020 had a mean age of 38.91 years; 38.45% were women, and 44.01% were identified as White. Of the overdose deaths, 44.70% were classified as intentional and 32.12% were classified as unintentional. Among the identified drugs, stimulants were the most common class. However, most records did not report which drug was responsible for death.Conclusion: Sociodemographic trends in overdose deaths in Brazil must guide country-specific policies. Nevertheless, data collection protocols must be improved, particularly regarding the drug used in overdoses.
- Suicides among adults in Paraguay: An 18-year national exploratory study (2004-2022)(2023) TORALES, Julio; BARRIOS, Ivan; MELGAREJO, Osvaldo; TULLO-GOMEZ, Juan Edgar; DIAZ, Noelia Ruiz; O'HIGGINS, Marcelo; MAGGI, Carol; ADORNO, Victor; MEDINA, Alicia; VILLALBA-ARIAS, Jorge; GONZALEZ-URBIETA, Israel; CAYCHO-RODRIGUEZ, Tomas; CASTALDELLI-MAIA, Joao Mauricio; VENTRIGLIO, AntonioBackground: The number of suicides has been increasing worldwide, year after year, becoming the fourth leading cause of death among young people between 15 and 29 years of age. Aim: In this study, we explored the frequency and characteristics of suicides among the adult general population in Paraguay between 2004 and 2022, considering that suicide attempts and suicidal risk/ideation are frequent and relevant issues in the consultation activity, even if epidemiological evidence on the national rates of suicide is scarce. Methods: In this observational, descriptive, and exploratory study, official records of all deaths by suicide were reviewed and information analyzed. In addition, an attempt was made to predict the number of suicides in the next 5 years according to a mathematical modeling. Results: In the 18-year period, 5,527 suicides of adults were recorded. Patients' mean age was 36.8 +/- 17 years old. A 76.77% of them were males, 77.44% were from an urban area and 25.98% from the Greater Asuncion and Central Department of Paraguay. The most frequently used method of suicide was intentional self-inflicted injury by hanging, strangulation, or suffocation (all 67.6%). The expected number of national suicides in the following years from 2023 to 2027 will range between 462 and 530. Limitations include the lack of information regarding diagnoses and personal history in the suicide reports as well as the possibility of underreporting of national suicide cases. Conclusion: Our results represent the first large national epidemiological report of suicides in Paraguay and may be of interest for mental health professionals and health authorities in order to reduce the suicide mortality rate within the country.
- Suicides among Children and Adolescents in Paraguay: An 18-year National Exploratory Study (2004-2022)(2023) TORALES, Julio; BARRIOS, Ivan; TULLO-GOMEZ, Juan Edgar; MELGAREJO, Osvaldo; GOMEZ, Nora; RIEGO, Viviana; NAVARRO, Rodrigo; GARCIA, Oscar; FIGUEREDO, Pamela; ALMIRON-SANTACRUZ, Jose; CAYCHO-RODRIGUEZ, Tomas; CASTALDELLI-MAIA, Joao Mauricio; VENTRIGLIO, AntonioBackground: Suicide and suicide attempts are impacting events for patients and their relatives, and these behaviors are still taboo among adults and may be even more traumatic when involving children and adolescents. Aim: In this study we aimed to describe suicide rates among children and adolescents in Paraguay over the last decades as well as associated factors such as sociodemographic characteristics and methods used for suicide. Methods: This was an observational and exploratory study describing the frequency and characteristics of suicide among children and adolescents in Paraguay between 2004 and 2022. Official records of all deaths by suicide were reviewed, and statistical analyses were performed. In addition, an attempt was made to predict the number of suicides in the next 5 years using a mathematical model based on simple linear regression. Results: In the 18-year period observed, 940 suicides among children and adolescents were recorded. The mean age was 15.05 +/- 1.8 years old. Of these, 51.17% were male, 74.6% were from urban areas, and 22.2% were from the Greater Asuncion and Central Department of Paraguay. The most frequently used method of suicide was intentional self-inflicted injury by hanging, strangulation, or suffocation, which all represented 75.3% of the cases. Our mathematical modeling based on simple linear regression determined that the expected yearly number of national suicides in the pediatric population for the following years, from 2023 to 2027, will range between 72 and 81. Conclusion: This study is the first large national epidemiological report on the emerging issue of suicide among children and adolescents in Paraguay. It may be a relevant source of information for mental health professionals, health authorities, and decision makers to develop national prevention strategies and actions against suicide among youths.
- Mental health issues and psychological risk factors among Paraguayan healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic(2023) VILLALBA-ARIAS, Jorge; ESTIGARRIBIA, Gladys; BOGADO, Jose Andres; MENDEZ, Julieta; TOLEDO, Santiago; BARRIOS, Ivan; CASTALDELLI-MAIA, Joao Mauricio; VENTRIGLIO, Antonio; TORALES, JulioBackground There is an increasing concern regarding the mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aims This study aimed to assess the psychological impact of the COVID-19 exposure among Paraguayan healthcare workers. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study has been carried out in five hospitals of Paraguay. Demographic and occupational exposure to COVID-19 were collected through a short questionnaire. Mental health status was assessed with the GAD-7, the PHQ-9, and the PCL-C. Logistic regression was used to determine psychological risk factors. Results 432 participants were surveyed. 218 (50.46%) were physicians. The prevalence of symptoms of anxiety, depression and PTSD was 48.15, 41.90, and 5.79%, respectively. There were no significant differences in anxiety (128 [29.63%] vs. 80 [18.52%]; p = 0.3303), depression (102 [23.61%] vs. 79 [18.29%]; p = 0.6703), or PTSD (14 [3.24%] vs. 11 [2.55%]; p = 0.8074) between frontline versus second-line workers. Main risk factors associated with psychological distress included work experience Conclusions Paraguayan healthcare workers reported high prevalence of anxiety, depression, and a low prevalence of PTSD. A positive diagnosis of COVID-19 and work experience <5 years are important psychological risk factors.
- Breaking Down Barriers to Smoking Cessation for Mental Health Patients in France(2023) CASTALDELLI-MAIA, Joao Mauricio; APTER, Gisele
- Social skills training with a tabletop role-playing game, before and during the pandemic of 2020: in-person and online group sessions(2024) HENNING, Germano; OLIVEIRA, Reinaldo Rodrigo de; ANDRADE, Marcus Tulio Pereira de; GALLO, Renato Villela; BENEVIDES, Raissa Roberti; GOMES, Rodrigo Antonio Fuga; FUKUE, Lucas Eiji Kong; LIMA, Arthur Vaciloto; OLIVEIRA, Maria Beatriz Baggio Z. N. de; OLIVEIRA, Daniel Amorim Medeiros de; WERPP, Morgana; MORAES, Lucas; NETO, Francisco LotufoBackgroundThe area of social skills is broad, in theory and in practice. For social skills training, various clinical practices have been applied in group sessions, as have motivational resources such as role-playing games (RPGs). In recent years, the need arose to assess the clinical impact of the pandemic. The objective of this study was to determine the impact that the pandemic has had on in-person and online social skills training.MethodsWe evaluated six subjects with autism spectrum disorder, with or without another, similar disorder, each of whom attended a total of 12 two-hour RPG sessions over a 12-month period. The original (Portuguese-language) version of the Social Skills Inventory for Adolescents was applied at three different time points (pre-, mid-, and post-intervention).ResultsAfter six in-person tabletop RPG sessions, there was an increase in the mean frequency scores and a decrease in the mean difficulty scores. However, during the pandemic, the remaining six sessions were conducted online and the effect was the opposite.ConclusionOur data indicate that there is a need for further studies assessing social skills training in online contexts.
- Clinical characteristics of probands with obsessive-compulsive disorder from simplex and multiplex families(2024) LIMA, Monicke; SARAIVA, Leonardo C.; RAMOS, Vanessa R.; OLIVEIRA, Melaine C.; COSTA, Daniel L. C.; V, Thomas Fernandez; CROWLEY, James J.; STORCH, Eric A.; SHAVITT, Roseli G.; MIGUEL, Euripedes C.; CAPPI, CarolinaGenetic and non-genetic factors contribute to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), with strong evidence of familial clustering. Genomic studies in psychiatry have used the concepts of families that are ""simplex"" (one affected) versus ""multiplex"" (multiple affected). Our study compares demographic and clinical data from OCD probands in simplex and multiplex families to uncover potential differences. We analyzed 994 OCD probands (501 multiplex, 493 simplex) from the Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (C-TOC). Clinicians administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-IV) to diagnose, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) to assess severity, and Dimensional Yale-Brown ObsessiveCompulsive Scale (DY-BOCS) to assess symptom dimensionality. Demographics, clinical history, and family data were collected. Compared to simplex probands, multiplex probands had earlier onset, higher sexual/religious and hoarding dimensions severity, increased comorbidity with other obsessive-compulsive-related disorders (OCRD), and higher family history of psychiatric disorders. These comparisons provide the first insights into demographic and clinical differences between Latin American simplex and multiplex families with OCD. Distinct clinical patterns may suggest diverse genetic and environmental influences. Further research is needed to clarify these differences, which have implications for symptom monitoring and management.
- Computer-aided autism diagnosis using visual attention models and eye-tracking: replication and improvement proposal(2023) FRANCO, Felipe O.; OLIVEIRA, Jessica S.; PORTOLESE, Joana; SUMIYA, Fernando M.; SILVA, Andreia F.; MACHADO-LIMA, Ariane; NUNES, Fatima L. S.; BRENTANI, HelenaBackgroundAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis can be aided by approaches based on eye-tracking signals. Recently, the feasibility of building Visual Attention Models (VAMs) from features extracted from visual stimuli and their use for classifying cases and controls has been demonstrated using Neural Networks and Support Vector Machines. The present work has three aims: 1) to evaluate whether the trained classifier from the previous study was generalist enough to classify new samples with a new stimulus; 2) to replicate the previously approach to train a new classifier with a new dataset; 3) to evaluate the performance of classifiers obtained by a new classification algorithm (Random Forest) using the previous and the current datasets.MethodsThe previously approach was replicated with a new stimulus and new sample, 44 from the Typical Development group and 33 from the ASD group. After the replication, Random Forest classifier was tested to substitute Neural Networks algorithm.ResultsThe test with the trained classifier reached an AUC of 0.56, suggesting that the trained classifier requires retraining of the VAMs when changing the stimulus. The replication results reached an AUC of 0.71, indicating the potential of generalization of the approach for aiding ASD diagnosis, as long as the stimulus is similar to the originally proposed. The results achieved with Random Forest were superior to those achieved with the original approach, with an average AUC of 0.95 for the previous dataset and 0.74 for the new dataset.ConclusionIn summary, the results of the replication experiment were satisfactory, which suggests the robustness of the approach and the VAM-based approaches feasibility to aid in ASD diagnosis. The proposed method change improved the classification performance. Some limitations are discussed and additional studies are encouraged to test other conditions and scenarios.
- Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders guidelines for the treatment of adult obsessive-compulsive disorder. Part II: cognitive-behavioral therapy(2023) MATHIS, Maria Alice de; CHACON, Priscila; BOAVISTA, Rodrigo; OLIVEIRA, Marcos Vinicius Sousa de; BARROS, Pedro Macul Ferreira de; ECHEVARRIA, Marco Antonio Nocito; FERRAO, Ygor Arzeno; VATTIMO, Edoardo Filippo de Queiroz; LOPES, Antonio Carlos; TORRES, Albina Rodrigues; DINIZ, Juliana Belo; FONTENELLE, Leonardo; ROSARIO, Maria Conceicao do; SHAVITT, Roseli Gedanke; SILVA, Renata de Melo Felipe da; CONSTANTINO, Euripedes; COSTA, Daniel Lucas da ConceicaoObjectives: To summarize evidence-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) treatment and propose clinical interventions for adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).Methods: The literature on CBT interventions for adult OCD, including BT and exposure and response prevention, was systematically reviewed to develop updated clinical guidelines for clinicians, providing comprehensive details about the necessary procedures for the CBT protocol. We searched the literature from 2013-2020 in five databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, PsycINFO, and Lilacs) regarding study design, primary outcome measures, publication type, and language. Selected articles were assessed for quality with validated tools. Treatment recommendations were classified according to levels of evidence developed by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association.Results: We examined 44 new studies used to update the 2013 American Psychiatric Association guidelines. High-quality evidence supports CBT with exposure and response prevention techniques as a first-line treatment for OCD. Protocols for Internet-delivered CBT have also proven efficacious for adults with OCD.Conclusion: High-quality scientific evidence supports the use of CBT with exposure and response prevention to treat adults with OCD.
- Disentangling the influences of parental genetics on offspring's cognition, education, and psychopathology via genetic and phenotypic pathways(2023) AXELRUD, Luiza K.; HOFFMANN, Mauricio S.; VOSBERG, Daniel E.; SANTORO, Marcos; PAN, Pedro M.; GADELHA, Ary; I, Sintia Belangero; MIGUEL, Euripedes C.; SHIN, Jean; THAPAR, Anita; SMOLLER, Jordan W.; PAUSOVA, Zdenka; ROHDE, Luis A.; KELLER, Matthew C.; PAUS, Tomas; SALUM, Giovanni A.Background Specific pathways of intergenerational transmission of behavioral traits remain unclear. Here, we aim to investigate how parental genetics influence offspring cognition, educational attainment, and psychopathology in youth. Methods Participants for the discovery sample were 2,189 offspring (aged 6-14 years), 1898 mothers and 1,017 fathers who underwent genotyping, psychiatric, and cognitive assessments. We calculated polygenic scores (PGS) for cognition, educational attainment, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia for the trios. Phenotypes studied included educational and cognitive measures, ADHD and psychotic symptoms. We used a stepwise approach and multiple mediation models to analyze the effect of parental PGS on offspring traits via offspring PGS and parental phenotype. Significant results were replicated in a sample of 1,029 adolescents, 363 mothers, and 307 fathers. Results Maternal and paternal PGS for cognition influenced offspring general intelligence and executive function via offspring PGS (genetic pathway) and parental education (phenotypic pathway). Similar results were found for parental PGS for educational attainment and offspring reading and writing skills. These pathways fully explained associations between parental PGS and offspring phenotypes, without residual direct association. Associations with maternal, but not paternal, PGS were replicated. No associations were found between parental PGS for psychopathology and offspring specific symptoms. Conclusions Our findings indicate that parental genetics influences offspring cognition and educational attainment by genetic and phenotypic pathways, suggesting the expression of parental phenotypes partially explain the association between parental genetic risk and offspring outcomes. Multiple mediations might represent an effective approach to disentangle distinct pathways for intergenerational transmission of behavioral traits.
- Lithium Prevents Telomere Shortening in Cortical Neurons in Amyloid-Beta Induced Toxicity(2023) THEMOTEO, Rafael M.; PAULA, Vanessa J. R. De; ROCHA, Nicole K. R.; BRENTANI, Helena; FORLENZA, Orestes V.Background: There is consistent evidence of the potential benefits of lithium attenuating mechanisms of neurodegeneration, including those related to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and facilitating neurotrophic and protective responses, including maintenance of telomere length. The aim was to investigate the protective effect of the pre-treatment with lithium on amyloid-beta (A beta)-induced toxicity and telomere length in neurons. Methods: Cortical neurons were treated with lithium chloride at therapeutic and subtherapeutic concentrations (2 mM, 0.2 mM and 0.02 mM) for seven days. Amyloid toxicity was induced 24 h before the end of lithium treatment. Results: Lithium resulted in 120% (2 mM), 180% (0.2 mM) and 140% (0.02 mM) increments in telomere length as compared to untreated controls. Incubation with A beta 1-42 was associated with significant reductions in MTT uptake (33%) and telomere length (83%) as compared to controls. Conclusions: Lithium prevented loss of culture viability and telomere shortening in neuronal cultures challenged with A beta fibrils.
- Mental health among children and adolescents after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A prospective study in a tertiary university hospital(2023) MATSUO, Olivia Mari; LINDOSO, Livia; MARQUES, Heloisa Helena de Sousa; V, Guilherme Polanczyk; FARHAT, Sylvia Costa Lima; BAIN, Vera; FINK, Thais T.; MARTINS, Fernanda; ASTLEY, Camilla; SUGUITA, Priscila; TRINDADE, Vitor; CORREA-SILVA, Simone; PALMEIRA, Patricia; SANSON, Camila; PAULA, Yoshino de; LITVINOV, Nadia; FERREIRA, Juliana Caires O. A.; SAKITA, Neusa Keico; GUALANO, Bruno; SILVA, Clovis Artur A.; PEREIRA, Maria Fernanda Badue
- Global, regional, and national burden of osteoarthritis, 1990-2020 and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021(2023) STEINMETZ, Jaimie D.; CULBRETH, Garland T.; HAILE, Lydia M.; RAFFERTY, Quinn; LO, Justin; FUKUTAKI, Kai Glenn; CRUZ, Jessica A.; SMITH, Amanda E.; VOLLSET, Stein Emil; BROOKS, Peter M.; CROSS, Marita; BRIGGS, Andrew M.; BUTT, Nadeem Shafique; CHARAN, Jaykaran; CHATTU, Vijay Kumar; CICUTTINI, Flavia M.; COBERLY, Kaleb; DADRAS, Omid; DAI, Xiaochen; DANDONA, Lalit; DANDONA, Rakhi; MALEKPOUR, Mohammad-Reza; LUCA, Katie de; DENOVA-GUTIERREZ, Edgar; DHARMARATNE, Samath Dhamminda; DHIMAL, Meghnath; DIANATINASAB, Mostafa; DREINHOEFER, Karsten E.; ELHADI, Muhammed; FAROOQUE, Umar; FARPOUR, Hamid Reza; FILIP, Irina; MALIK, Ahmad Azam; FISCHER, Florian; FREITAS, Marisa; GANESAN, Balasankar; GEMEDA, Belete Negese Belete; GETACHEW, Tamiru; GHAMARI, Seyyed-Hadi; GHASHGHAEE, Ahmad; GILL, Tiffany K.; GOLECHHA, Mahaveer; GOLINELLI, Davide; MANDARANO-FILHO, Luiz Garcia Garcia; GUPTA, Bhawna; GUPTA, Veer Bala; GUPTA, Vivek Kumar; HADDADI, Rasool; HAFEZI-NEJAD, Nima; HALWANI, Rabih; HAMIDI, Samer; HANIF, Asif; I, Netanja Harlianto; HARO, Josep Maria; MARTINI, Santi; HARTVIGSEN, Jan; I, Simon Hay; HEBERT, Jeffrey J.; HEIDARI, Golnaz; HOSSEINI, Mohammad-Salar; HOSSEINZADEH, Mehdi; HSIAO, Alexander Kevin; ILIC, Irena M.; ILIC, Milena; JACOB, Louis; MENTIS, Alexios-Fotios A.; JAYAWARDENA, Ranil; JHA, Ravi Prakash; JONAS, Jost B.; JOSEPH, Nitin; KANDEL, Himal; KARAYE, Ibraheem M.; KHAN, Md Jobair; KIM, Yun Jin; KOLAHI, Ali-Asghar; KORZH, Oleksii; MESREGAH, Mohamed Kamal; KOTEESWARAN, Rajasekaran; KRISHNAMOORTHY, Vijay; KUMAR, G. Anil; KUMAR, Narinder; LEE, Sang-woong; LIM, Stephen S.; LOBO, Stany W.; LUCCHETTI, Giancarlo; MESTROVIC, Tomislav; MIRRAKHIMOV, Erkin M.; MISGANAW, Awoke; MOHAMMADPOURHODKI, Reza; WOOLF, Anthony; MOKDAD, Ali H.; MOMTAZMANESH, Sara; MORRISON, Shane Douglas; MURRAY, Christopher J. L.; NASSERELDINE, Hasan; NETSERE, Henok Biresaw; KANDEL, Sandhya Neupane; OWOLABI, Mayowa; PANDA-JONAS, Songhomitra; PANDEY, Anamika; HAGINS, Hailey; PAWAR, Shrikant; PEDERSINI, Paolo; PEREIRA, Jeevan; RADFAR, Amir; RASHIDI, Mohammad-Mahdi; RAWAF, David Laith; RAWAF, Salman; RAWASSIZADEH, Reza; RAYEGANI, Seyed-Mansoor; RIBEIRO, Daniela; ABBASI-KANGEVARI, Mohsen; ROEVER, Leonardo; SADDIK, Basema; SAHEBKAR, Amirhossein; SALEHI, Sana; RIERA, Lidia Sanchez; SANMARCHI, Francesco; SANTRIC-MILICEVIC, Milena M.; SHAHABI, Saeed; SHAIKH, Masood Ali; SHAKER, Elaheh; ABEDI, Aidin; SHANNAWAZ, Mohammed; SHARMA, Rajendra; SHARMA, Saurab; SHETTY, Jeevan K.; SHIRI, Rahman; SHOBEIRI, Parnian; SILVA, Diego Augusto Santos; SINGH, Ambrish; SINGH, Jasvinder A.; SINGH, Surjit; ACKERMAN, Ilana N.; SKOU, Soren; SLATER, Helen; SOLTANI-ZANGBAR, Mohammad Sadegh; V, Antonina Starodubova; TEHRANI-BANIHASHEMI, Arash; TAHBAZ, Sahel Valadan; VALDEZ, Pascual R.; VO, Bay; VU, Linh Gia; GIA, Linh; AMU, Hubert; WANG, Yuan-Pang; JABBARI, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh; YONEMOTO, Naohiro; YUNUSA, Ismaeel; MARCH, Lyn M.; ONG, Kanyin Liane; VOS, Theo; KOPEC, Jacek A.; ANTONY, Benny; ARABLOO, Jalal; ARAVKIN, Aleksandr Y.; ARGAW, Ayele Mamo; ARTAMONOV, Anton A.; ASHRAF, Tahira; BARROW, Amadou; BEARNE, Lindsay M.; BENSENOR, Isabela M.; BERHIE, Alemshet Yirga; BHARDWAJ, Nikha; BHARDWAJ, Pankaj; BHOJARAJA, Vijayalakshmi S.; BIJANI, Ali; BRIANT, Paul SvitilBackground Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis in adults, characterised by chronic pain and loss of mobility. Osteoarthritis most frequently occurs after age 40 years and prevalence increases steeply with age. WHO has designated 2021-30 the decade of healthy ageing, which highlights the need to address diseases such as osteoarthritis, which strongly affect functional ability and quality of life. Osteoarthritis can coexist with, and negatively effect, other chronic conditions. Here we estimate the burden of hand, hip, knee, and other sites of osteoarthritis across geographies, age, sex, and time, with forecasts of prevalence to 2050. Methods In this systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study, osteoarthritis prevalence in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020 was estimated using data from population-based surveys from 26 countries for knee osteoarthritis, 23 countries for hip osteoarthritis, 42 countries for hand osteoarthritis, and US insurance claims for all of the osteoarthritis sites, including the other types of osteoarthritis category. The reference case definition was symptomatic, radiographically confirmed osteoarthritis. Studies using alternative definitions from the reference case definition (for example self-reported osteoarthritis) were adjusted to reference using regression models. Osteoarthritis severity distribution was obtained from a pooled meta-analysis of sources using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index. Final prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights to calculate years lived with disability (YLDs). Prevalence was forecast to 2050 using a mixed-effects model. Findings Globally, 595 million (95% uncertainty interval 535-656) people had osteoarthritis in 2020, equal to 7 center dot 6% (95% UI 6 center dot 8-8 center dot 4) of the global population, and an increase of 132 center dot 2% (130 center dot 3-134 center dot 1) in total cases since 1990. Compared with 2020, cases of osteoarthritis are projected to increase 74 center dot 9% (59 center dot 4-89 center dot 9) for knee, 48 center dot 6% (35 center dot 9-67 center dot 1) for hand, 78 center dot 6% (57 center dot 7-105 center dot 3) for hip, and 95 center dot 1% (68 center dot 1-135 center dot 0) for other types of osteoarthritis by 2050. The global age-standardised rate of YLDs for total osteoarthritis was 255 center dot 0 YLDs (119 center dot 7-557 center dot 2) per 100 000 in 2020, a 9 center dot 5% (8 center dot 6-10 center dot 1) increase from 1990 (233 center dot 0 YLDs per 100 000, 109 center dot 3-510 center dot 8). For adults aged 70 years and older, osteoarthritis was the seventh ranked cause of YLDs. Age-standardised prevalence in 2020 was more than 5 center dot 5% in all world regions, ranging from 5677 center dot 4 (5029 center dot 8-6318 center dot 1) per 100 000 in southeast Asia to 8632 center dot 7 (7852 center dot 0-9469 center dot 1) per 100 000 in high-income Asia Pacific. Knee was the most common site for osteoarthritis. High BMI contributed to 20 center dot 4% (95% UI -1 center dot 7 to 36 center dot 6) of osteoarthritis. Potentially modifiable risk factors for osteoarthritis such as recreational injury prevention and occupational hazards have not yet been explored in GBD modelling. Interpretation Age-standardised YLDs attributable to osteoarthritis are continuing to rise and will lead to substantial increases in case numbers because of population growth and ageing, and because there is no effective cure for osteoarthritis. The demand on health systems for care of patients with osteoarthritis, including joint replacements, which are highly effective for late stage osteoarthritis in hips and knees, will rise in all regions, but might be out of reach and lead to further health inequity for individuals and countries unable to afford them. Much more can and should be done to prevent people getting to that late stage. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health.
- Sex differences in dementia risk and risk factors: Individual-participant data analysis using 21 cohorts across six continents from the COSMIC consortium(2023) GONG, Jessica; HARRIS, Katie; LIPNICKI, Darren M.; CASTRO-COSTA, Erico; LIMA-COSTA, Maria Fernanda; DINIZ, Breno S.; XIAO, Shifu; LIPTON, Richard B.; KATZ, Mindy J.; WANG, Cuiling; PREUX, Pierre-Marie; GUERCHET, Maelenn; GBESSEMEHLAN, Antoine; RITCHIE, Karen; ANCELIN, Marie-Laure; SKOOG, Ingmar; NAJAR, Jenna; STERNER, Therese Rydberg; SCARMEAS, Nikolaos; YANNAKOULIA, Mary; KOSMIDIS, Mary H.; GUAITA, Antonio; ROLANDI, Elena; DAVIN, Annalisa; GUREJE, Oye; TROMPET, Stella; GUSSEKLOO, Jacobijn; RIEDEL-HELLER, Steffi; PABST, Alexander; ROHR, Susanne; SHAHAR, Suzana; SINGH, Devinder Kaur Ajit; RIVAN, Nurul Fatin Malek; BOXTEL, Martin van; KOHLER, Sebastian; GANGULI, Mary; CHANG, Chung-Chou; JACOBSEN, Erin; HAAN, Mary; DING, Ding; ZHAO, Qianhua; XIAO, Zhenxu; NARAZAKI, Kenji; CHEN, Tao; CHEN, Sanmei; NG, Tze Pin; GWEE, Xinyi; NUMBERS, Katya; MATHER, Karen A.; SCAZUFCA, Marcia; LOBO, Antonio; DE-LA-CAMARA, Concepcion; LOBO, Elena; SACHDEV, Perminder S.; BRODATY, Henry; HACKETT, Maree L.; PETERS, Sanne A. E.; WOODWARD, MarkIntroductionSex differences in dementia risk, and risk factor (RF) associations with dementia, remain uncertain across diverse ethno-regional groups. MethodsA total of 29,850 participants (58% women) from 21 cohorts across six continents were included in an individual participant data meta-analysis. Sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs), and women-to-men ratio of hazard ratios (RHRs) for associations between RFs and all-cause dementia were derived from mixed-effect Cox models. ResultsIncident dementia occurred in 2089 (66% women) participants over 4.6 years (median). Women had higher dementia risk (HR, 1.12 [1.02, 1.23]) than men, particularly in low- and lower-middle-income economies. Associations between longer education and former alcohol use with dementia risk (RHR, 1.01 [1.00, 1.03] per year, and 0.55 [0.38, 0.79], respectively) were stronger for men than women; otherwise, there were no discernible sex differences in other RFs. DiscussionDementia risk was higher in women than men, with possible variations by country-level income settings, but most RFs appear to work similarly in women and men.
- Animal hoarding: a systematic review(2023) STUMPF, Barbara Perdigao; CALACIO, Barbara; BRANCO, Beatriz Castello; WILNES, Bruno; SOIER, Graziella; SOARES, Livia; DIAMANTE, Lucas; CAPPI, Carolina; LIMA, Monicke O.; ROCHA, Fabio Lopes; FONTENELLE, Leonardo F.; BARBOSA, Izabela GuimaraesObjectives: Animal hoarding is a special manifestation of hoarding disorder, characterized by the accumulation of animals and failure to provide them with minimal care. The main objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the characteristics of animal hoarding, focusing on the profile of affected individuals and the features of accumulation behavior.Methods: A systematic search of the literature was conducted in the electronic databases MEDLINE, Scopus, and LILACS until October 2022. We included case series (n >= 10) and cross-sectional studies assessing animal hoarding.Results: A total of 374 studies were initially retrieved. Most studies were classified as having poor quality and significant risk of bias. A total of 538 individuals with animal hoarding were evaluated. These individuals were predominantly middle-aged, unmarried women who lived alone in urban areas. Most of their residences had unsanitary conditions. Recidivism rates varied from 13-41%. Cats and dogs were the main hoarded species, mostly acquired through unplanned breeding, and disease, injury, behavioral problems, and a lack of hygiene were characreristic of their condition. Animal carcasses were found in up to 60% of the properties.Conclusion: Animal hoarding is a complex condition that requires urgent attention. More research is necessary to develop effective strategies that can save community resources, improve animal and human welfare, and prevent recidivism.
- Alcohol use disorders in patients with bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis(2023) PEDRO, Maria Olivia Pozzolo; PEDRO, Manoela Pozzolo; MARTINS, Silvia S.; CASTALDELLI-MAIA, Joao MauricioAlcohol consumption has a key role in more than 200 diseases and health injuries, being an important factor for social and public health costs. Studies with clinical populations show an association between alcohol use disorders (AUD) and bipolar disorder. In this meta-analysis we included studies, reports, or summaries identified in Google Scholar, Lilacs, Medline, and MedCaribe that reported original data published up to 31 January 2023. We included cross-sectional and longitudinal observational studies that investigated the prevalence of AUD in patients with bipolar disorder. We calculated the prevalence rates and conducted a meta-analysis using a random effects model. The meta-analysis included 20 unique studies conducted in 12 countries, with a total sample of 32,886 individuals with bipolar disorder, comprising 17,923 women and 13,963 men, all aged 18 years or older. The prevalence of AUD in individuals with bipolar disorder was found to be 29.12%, while the prevalence of Alcohol Dependence (AD) was 15.87% and the prevalence of Alcohol Abuse (AA) was 18.74%. The high prevalence of AUD individuals with bipolar disorder is important because it highlights the need for targeted interventions to prevent and address comorbid conditions, which may improve treatment outcomes, reduce harm, and promote public health.